【高中英语】高二英语Unit3-4知识点总结及重难点解析

【考点 1】含look的短语
① look at 看待；考虑；检查
② look around / about 环顾
③ look up 查阅；仰视
④ look into 调查
⑤ look on 旁观
⑥ look back on 回顾，回想
⑦ look down upon / on 看不起；鄙视
⑧ look over 翻阅；复习；检查
⑨ look to 照顾；注意
⑩ look up to 尊敬
⑩ 1ook forward to 盼望；预计会有
⑥ look out for 提防；当心
⑩ look on / upon...as... 把……看作……
⑩ look like 看上去像
⑥ look for 寻找
⑩ look sb. up and down 上下打量某人
⑥ look after 照看；照料
⑩ look ahead 向前看
⑩ look out 小心：看外面
④ look through 浏览；检查
[例句] That's the way I look at it．

那就是我看待这事的方式。
When all the facts have been looked up, pass them on to me. 

所有事实查出后，转交给我。
The police are looking into the records of all those involved in the crime. 

警方正在调查所有涉嫌这起犯罪的记录。
Looking back on it, one realizes that it was far from being a satisfactory conference. 

回顾过去，人们会意识到那不是一次成功的会议。
【考例1】In order to get a better solution. I think we'd better ____ the question from all sides.
    A. look out    B. look up
    C. look for    D. look at
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D不同的介词或副词搭配，有不同的意义。look out 查处，找出；当心，注意。look for 寻找。
1. send for 派人请，叫人拿
  We sent for the document this morning.
  我们今天上午派人去取这份文件。
  -- Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
  有人去请怀特医生了吗?
  -- He's already been sent for.
  已经派人去了。
  与 send 的常见搭配有：
  send off (发出) send up (发射) send out (发出)等。
2. set aside 把……放在一边；留出
  He set aside his book and lit a cigarette.
  他把书放在一边，点燃一支香烟。
  Each month she tried to set aside part of her salary.
  每月他都设法留出工资的一部分。
  aside 其他常见用法还有：
  stand aside (靠边站)
  move aside (移到旁边)
  put sth. aside for sb. (把某物留给某人)
【考点2】含 up 的动词短语
① call up 召唤；调动；使人想起；打电话给
② light up 照亮；变得高兴起来
③ fill up 填写；盛满
④ take up 占用；拿起；从事
⑤ pick up 拾起；接送；听到；学会
[例句] Your letter calls up the days when we worked together in the countryside 20 years ago. 你的信使人想起20年前我们在一起工作的日子。
Sue's face lighted up when she heard the good news. 听到这个好消息时，苏流露出愉快的面容。
The room soon filled up with people. 房间里不久就挤满了人。
She's taken up flower-decoration at evening classes. 她在夜校学习插花。
【考例2】It has been raining harder and harder for quite a few days. The village seemed to be in danger of being flooded．Mr Smith decided to ____ all the youngmen in the village to strengthen the river bank.
    A. call in    B. call up
    C. call at    D. call for
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B  call in 召进，请进。call at (a place)访问(某地)。call / or需要，去接。

【考点3】含 as 的动词短语

① experience...as = consider...as = look upon / on…as
  = treat...as 把……认为是
② act as 担任；起……的作用
③ serve as 当，充当
④ work as 当，充当
⑤ use...as把……用作……
[例句] The theory is experienced as very advanced. 这个理论被认为是非常高深的．
He acted as chairman in my absence. 我不在时他担任主席。
He serves as a waiter in a restaurant. 他在一家餐馆里当服务员。
【考例 3】Classroom testing, if well down, most certainly ____ as a stimulus (刺激) to study and real learning.
    A. uses    B. looks
    C. acts    D. does
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语动词的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]C  弄清题意。准确地判断空白处的意义。题意是：课堂测试，如果做得好的话，一定会对学习和真正的学习有刺激作用。也就是说，课堂测试可以充当刺激。A项应该使用被动态，B、D两项则不能和 as 构成搭配。
3. call up 打电话，唤醒，使人想起
  The sound of seagulls called up his happy memories of his childhood.
  海鸥的叫声唤起他对童年的幸福的记忆。
  Please call me up at five.
  请五点叫醒我 (或：五点打电话给我)
  已学与 call 常见的搭配还有：
  call off (取消，挂断电话)
  call at / on (拜访某地／某人)
  call for (要求，来找某人)
  call in (召集，召来)
【考点4】含 come into 的动词短语
① come into being 形成；产生
② come into effect / force 开始实施；生效
③ come into use / service 开始使用
④ come into power 开始执政；上台
⑤ come into view / sight 进入视线
⑥ come into fashion 开始流行
[例句] Romanticism didn't come into being until in the late 18 century in Europe. 浪漫主义运动直到18世纪未期才产生于欧洲。
The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 使用安全带的新规定于上周生效。
【考例4】 The church gate came into ____ as we rounded the next corner.
    A. being    B. service
    C. effect    D. view
[考查目标] 此题主要考查动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]D  题意：我们又拐了一个弯时，教堂的大门映入了我们的眼帘。
4. go against 违反，违背(意愿、原则等)；对……不利
  (无被动形式) 
  I'm not to go against my own family.
  我不会背离我自己的家人的。
  He was afraid that the hattie would go against them.
  他害怕那场战斗会对他们不利。
5. keep out (of) 挡住，不让进
  He closed the window t0 keep the wind out (of the house).
  他关上窗户不让风进来(进房子)。
  The sign says "Keep out!"
  牌子上写着：“请勿入内!”
  类似用法：keep off 别碰，避开
  You'd better keep off the sweet food.
  你最好少吃甜食。
  Keep offthe grass!
  请勿践踏草地!
【考点5】副词短语
① far from 完全不．远不
② next to 儿乎；仅次于
③ in a hurry 匆忙；很快地
[例句] The problem is far from (being) easy. 这个问题完全不容易。
Papering the ceiling proved next to impossible without aladder. 用纸糊天花板没有梯子儿乎是不可能的。She dressed herself in a hurry. 她匆匆地穿上衣服。
▲友情提示：far from 后可接名词、形容词，或 being +形容词／名词。next to后常接一些否定词。
【考例5】I'm terribly sorry to tell you that your work is far from ____. 
    A. satisfying    B. a satisfaction
    C. being satisfactory D. to satisfy
[考查目标] 此题主要考查 far from 的用法。
[答案与解析]C  satisfaction 是不可教名词，前不可使用a。from后不可接不定式。satisfying虽然意思与satisfactory 相同，但常使用satisfactory，其中being经

常省略。

精典题例

(  )1. Modern plastics can ____ very high and very  low temperatures．(2005山东)
    A. stand    B. hold
    C. carry    D. support
    【解析】选A  句意为“承受高温或低温”，故选stand。
(  )2. When ____, the museum will be open to the
    public next year.
    A. completed    B. completing
    C. being completed  D. to be completed
    【解析】选A  该题从句使用了省略形式，省略了与主句主语一致的主语 the museum 和系动词 is。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，若从句主语与主句主语一致，同时从句谓语动词又含有系动词be，常可省略从句主语与系动词be．．
(    )3. This is an illness that can result in total blindness
    if ____.
    A. leaving untreated    B. left untreated
    C. leaving to untreat  D. left untreating
    【解析】选B if后的逻辑关系是：这种病被忽视未被治疗，表示被动关系，通过两个分词left和untreated表示。完整句子为：if it is left untreated，分词作非谓语动词可带连词。
(  )4. The manager decided to give the job to ____ he
    believe had a strong sense of duty.
    A. whoever    B. whomever
    C. who    D. no matter who
    【解析】选A   whoever引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。但同时又做主句的主语，不能用whomever；而no matter who 引导让步状语从句，所以也不能用。
(    )5. ____ nice，the fish was sold out soon.
    A. Tasted    B. Tasting
    C. To taste    D. Being taste
    【解析】选B  系动词，作不及物动词用，无被动语态。所以不能用过去分词．而用现在分词，tasting nice做原因状语。
(  )6. In the dark forests ____, some large enough to
    hold several English towns. (2005 辽宁)
    A. stand many lakes  B. lie many lakes
    C. many lakes lie    D. many laks stand
    【解析】选B   该句倒装，主语是lakes，不及物动词stand，lie均可用来表达“位于”，但stand意为“站立，屹立”，用于立体物体；lie为“躺，卧”，相对于平面而言。
(    )7. The scientists my the plant's ____ in this area
    was a terrible sign of the worse environment.
    A. introduetion    B. absence
    C. presence    D. appearance
    【解析】选B  全句意为“这个地区这种植物的消失是环境恶化的一种迹象”。
(  )8. -- Will $200 ____?
    -- I'm afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
    A. count    B. satisfy
    C. fit    D. do
    【解析】选D  问句意为“200美元可行吗?”do可作不及物动词，作“行，可以”解，表示对莱一事实的认可。fit意为“吻合”，不是抽象意义的“合适”。
(  )9. The key doesn't ____ the lock.
    A. fit    B. fit for
    C. fit to    D. fit with
    【解析】选A  此处应作及物动词用，意为“这把钥匙不是配这把锁的”，不及物用法应为fit in with，形容词用法应是be fit for 或 be fit to do...。
(  )10. You don't look well recently. Try to ____ strong wine.
    A. keep off    B. keep out
    C. keep out of    D. keep up
    【解析】选A   keep off意为“别碰，远离”，句意是“身体不好，不要喝烈酒”；keep up意为“坚持，保持”；keep out(of)意为“不让……进来”。