【高中英语】高二英语Unit9-10知识点总结及重难点解析

【考点1】含“动词+out”的短语
①wipe out擦洗……的内部；去除，消灭
②start out启程(一start off)；着手进行(+t0 do sth)
③hold out伸出；提供；坚持
④stand out显眼；突出
⑤pick out选出；分辨出
⑥leave out省略；遗漏
⑦work out算出
⑧die out灭绝；消失

[例句]We always wipe the bottles out before returning them to the milkman. 

我们总是把瓶子内部擦干净后再送还给送奶工人。 

They wiped him out to keep him from appearing as a witness. 

为了阻止他出面作证，他们除掉了他。

It's a long trip; we'll have to start out early and start

back for home in the afternoon. 

这是一段长旅程，我们必须很早动身，下午再起程回家。

Our food supplies won't hold out long. 

我们的食品存量维持不了多久。

The road sign is easy to read I the words stand out well. 

路标很容易认；上面的字非常突出。

Tom pm’ked out his cousins from the crowd. 

汤姆从人群中认出了他的堂兄弟。

How can you leave out such important information? 

你怎能漏掉这么重要的信息?

▲ 辨析：wipe off / away / up擦去，擦掉；start out / off= set out / off = leave 后接 for + 地点；go off后接to +地点。
【考例1】(NMET 2002改编)We thought of selling this old furniture．but we decided to ____ it. It might be valuable.
    A. hold on    B. hold on to
    C. hold uD    D. hold to
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
[答案与解析]B hold on 继续；坚持。hold on to 抓住不放。hold up 举起。hold to 遵循；坚持(看法、说法等)。

【考点2】含all的副词短语

① all for 完全赞成
② all of a sudden 突然，冷不防(=all at once = suddenly)
③ all too 实在太
④ all but 几乎；差不多
⑤ all over 到处；各处
⑥ all the better 更好
⑦ all along 一直；始终

[例句] I'm all for doing nothing till the police arrive. 

我完全赞成警方到达之前我们不要乱动。

The bus stopped all of a sudden and the passengers were thrown forward. 

汽车突然停下，乘客们身子向前倾斜。

The holidays were all too short. 

假期实在太短了。

▲友情提示：all是副词，“全部。都”的意思。
【考例2】We were talking on the phone when,____, the line went dead.
    A. all too    B. all of once
    C. all of a sudden    D. all sudden
[考查目标]此题主要考查准确使用短语的能力。
[答案与解析]C  短语即成语，是不可改变的。从句意可知，空白处应是“突然”之意。
1. do for
  1)“使失败，使完蛋”(常用被动式be done for)  That young man's case is done for.
  那年青人的官司输定了。
  2)“设法获得”(用于疑问句中与how和what连用)
  How did you do for water while erossing the desert?

  当你通过沙漠时，你是怎样获取水的?

【考点3】“take + 名词”短语
① take action (on) 采取行动
② take steps / measures 采取措施
③ take notes 纪录
④ take a chance 碰碰运气
⑤ take breath 歇一歇，喘口气
⑥ take risks 冒风险
⑦ take advantage (of) 利用；引诱
⑧ take aim (at) 瞄准
⑨ take charge (of) 负责(处理某事，照顾某人)，接管
⑩ take effect 生效，起作用
[例句] Let's see how they will take action next. 

我们要观察他们下一步要采取什么行动。
The police had to take firm action to deal with the ri—ots. 

警方只得采取坚决行动来处理骚乱。
The government has taken measures to preserve order.

政府已采取措施维持秩序。
Half-way up the mountain we stopped to take breath.

我们爬到半山腰后停下来歇口气。
They took a risk in driving on, in spite of the storm. 

尽管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险驾车赶路。
He's using his charm to try to take advantage of her. 

他正利用他的魅力试图引诱她。
Take careful aim at the target before firing. 

开火前要对目标仔细瞄准。
The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 

新法律从明天起生效。
【考例3】Immediate action must be ____ before it is too late.
    A. taken  B. made  C. carried  D. put
[考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的动词搭配问题。
[答案与解析]A  在take action短语中，只可使用take．不可使用其他动词。
2. take action 采取行动
  take notes 记笔记
  take effect 见效，生效；开始发生作用
  take exercise 做体操，做健身活动
  take farewell 告别，辞行
  take ground 占领阵地，(飞机)着陆
  take notice 注意
  take office 就职
  take steps 采取措施

【考点4】与harmony有关的短语
① in harmony with 与……协调一致
② out of harmony with 与……不协调一致
③ in harmony 和睦，和谐

[例句] The color of the sofa is in harmony with the sitting room. 

沙发的颜色与卧室的颜色很协调。

He soon found himself in harmony with his new coworkers. 

不久，他发觉自己与新合作的工人们关系融洽。

The music is out of harmony with his tastes. 

这音乐不合他的兴趣。

The boys sang in harmony．

男孩子唱和声。

【考例4】I had ____ Mrs. Reed or the children, orher chosen servant.
    A. nothing in harmony with
    B. something out of harmony to
    C. a lot in harmony with
    D. none of harmony to
[考查目标]此题主要考查短语搭配以及句意理解问题。

[答案与解析]A  由介词搭配可知B、D两项不对。由Dr可知C项是错误的。因为or作为连词时，用在否定句中。

【考点5】含 knock 的短语

① knock about / around 漫游，闲逛；(狠)打
② knock down 击倒，撞倒；拆除
③ knock...out of 把……敲出来
④ knock into sb 撞到某人身上
⑤ knock off 停止(工作)；扣除
⑥ knock over 打翻
⑦ knock at 敲门／窗等

[例句] The writer has knocked about in Europe for months. 

那个作家在欧洲漫游了好几个月。

Our house is being knoeked down to make way for a new road. 

为了给新公路让路，我们的房子正在拆除。

I want to see you when we knock off. 

下班后我要见你。

【考例5】It is reported that prisoners was ____ a lot in the prison.
    A. knocked about    B. knocked down
    C. knocked over    D. knocked off
[考查目标] 此题主要考查短语辨义。
[答案与解析]A  正确理解句意是解题的关键。题意是：据报道犯人在这座监狱里经常受到毒打。
3. put an end to 结束
  put an end to 结束
  bring sth. to an end 结束
  come to an end 结束

  make (both) ends meet 收支相抵

    词语比较

1. become, get, grow, turn

  become, get, grow, turn, 

这几个词都可以表示“变  成”或“成为”的意思。

  (1) become 强调变化过程的完成，强调状态的变化。

  You'll become wiser as you grow older. 

 随着年龄的增长，你会变得更睿智的。

  (2) get 强调造成事件的施动者的作用或变化的结  果。

  We had better get started at once.  

我们最好马上开始。

  (3) grow 表示渐渐成为新的状态，或表示从某种状  态向其对立的状态变化的自然现象，强调变化的过程。
  The crowd grew more and more excited as they were  waiting the time for the launch of the satellite.
  随着火箭发射时间的到来，等待的人群变得越来越  兴奋了。
  (4) turn 指转变成为与原来完全不同的事物，强调变  化的结果。turn后面接名词时常不加冠词，而  become后接名词时则加冠词。

  In autumn the leaves on the trees all turn yellow.  

秋天树上的叶子都变黄了。

  Five years later, he turned doctor.  = Five years later, he became a doctor.

  五年后他成了一名医生。
2. besides, except, but, except for, apart from, in   addition to, other than
    (1) besides 的意思是“除……之外还有”，该介词后    面所表示的人或物等也包括在总数内。
    Ten of us passed besides Tom. (= Tom passed too.)
    (2) except 的意思是“不包括在内，除去”，该介词后    面所表示的人或物等不包括在总数内。
    All of us passed except Tom. (= Tom did not pass.)
  它的后面除接名词和代词外还可以接介词、副词或  以that、when引导的从句。
  He has always been in good health except in the past  few days|quite recently I that he had a slight headache in the past few days / when he had a headache.
  (3) but 作“除外”的意思有一些限制，它只能用在no  one, none, all, nobody everyone, everything, who,  what, where 等之后，而except的限制很少。
  (4) except for 表示“除外”一般是指后面所除开的内  容与前面的内容具有所属关系或后面的部分对前  面部分在细节上加以修正。如果后面的东西与前  面的东西属于同类语，则用except。
  The esssay is well written except for a few mistakes in  the last paragraph.
  文章写得很好，除了最后一段几个小错洪以外。

  The wall was bare except for someone postters.  

墙上除了几张海报外光秃秃的。

  We come to school every day except Sunday.
  除了星期天外，我们天天上学。
  (5) apart from 既可表示 besides 的意思又可表示  except for 的意思。
  Apart from the ayst, it will take a lot of time. (Apart  from = Besides)
  除了费用外，还要花很多时间。
  Apart from that, all goes welt. (Apart from = Except  for)
  除了那之外，一切都很顺利。
  (6) in addition to 有besides的意思。
  We saw a cartoon in addition to .he cowboy movie．
  我们看了一部关于牛仔的电影，还看卡通片。
  (7) other than 有except 的意思。
  There's noboday here other than me.
  除了我这里没别人。
3. on board, on the board, on the hoards
  (1) on board 的意思是“在船(飞机、车)上”。登机  (船)可以说go / get on board the plane / train / the  ship.
  We had a pleasant time on board both ships.
  我们在两艘船上都度过了快乐的时光。
  (2) on the board的意思是“在木板上，在布告牌上． 在会上讨论”。
  Put the bread on the board before cutting it.
  切面包前，把面包放在木板上。
The question was on the board yesterday, but the reult was not out.
问题昨天得到了讨沦，但没有结果。
  (3) on the boards 的意思是“做演员，在戏台上”。
  He has retired， but he is still on the boards.
  他退休了，但仍活跃在舞台上。
4. state, condition, situation
  (1)state表“状态、状况”时，强调人或物在某种特定  时期内具有的特征和所处的环境，如：normal state，  the mental state，the present state。
  The people of the world want t0 end the state of war  between the two countries．
  全世界的人民都希望能结束两国之间的纷争状态。
  (2)condition 含义与state基本相同，condition 可指  “形势、事态、状态”等。
  The goods arrived in good condition.
  货物到达时完好无损。
  (3) situation 意为“形式、情况、局面”时，强调各种情况之问重要的相互关系以及该情况与有关人之间的关系。
  The situation in the Middle East in none too happy at  present.
  中东局势令人堪忧。
5. what's more, what's worse
  what's more 表示“而且，更重要的是”；what's worse  表示“更糟糕的是”，相当于worse still，to make  things worse，to make the matter worse，even worse，
  作插入语用。
  He is clever, and what's more, he works hard.
  他很聪明，而且学习很努力。
  The car broke down when I was driving home from  work, and what's worse, it was pouring with rain.
  下班的路上，我的汽车坏了，更糟糕的是，天下着大  雨。
精典题例
(  )1. Only after my friend came ____. (2005 福建)
    A. did the computer repair
    B. he repaired the computer
    C.  was the computer repaired
D. the computer was repaired
    【解析】选C  本题考查的是由only引导的状语提到句首时，需要倒装。
(     ) 2. It wasn't until nearly a month later ____ I
            received the manager's reply. (2005 全国)
            A. since               B. when
            C. as               D. that
    【解析】选D  本题考查 not...until 句型用在强调句中的用法。参见“句型诠释3”。
(     ) 3. It's the present situation in poor areas that
            ____ much higher spending on education and
             training. (2005 北京)
            A. answers for        B. provides for
             C. calls for           D. plans for
    【解析】选C  要解好本题，关键是要弄清四个选项意思。answer for“对……负责”；pmvide for“提供”；plan for“为……计划”；call for “需要”，本单元出现过call for courage “需要勇气”。
(    ) 4. If I ____ plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd
            like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of
            it as possible. (2005 湖北)
            A. would              B. could
            C. had to            D. ought to
    【解析】选B  本题考查if引导的虚拟语气结构。从I'd like to go... 判断，本句为与现在事实相反，故选B。
(    ) 5. Your uncle seems to be a good driver; ____, I
            wouldn't dare to travel in his car. (2005 江西)
            A. even so             B. even though
C. therefore            D. so
    【解析】选A  even so表示“即使这样”，so 表示上文所提到的句子。even though等于even if“即使”。
(     ) 6.-- You haven't lost the ticket, have you7
            -- ____ I know it's not easy to get another
                one at the moment. (2004 江苏)
            A. I hope not          B. Yes, I have
            C. 1 hope so           D. Yes, I'm afraid so
    【解析】选A I hope not是省略的说法，指代前面的内容You haven't lost the ticket。它的意思是“但愿我没有丢票”。与下文的“一票难求”相吻合。
(     ) 7. Happy Birthday, Alice! So you have ____ 
             twenty-one already! {2004 天津)
             A. become            B. turned
             C. grown             D. passed
    【解析】选B  turn 指转变成为与原来完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。即你已经是二十一岁了，而不是二十岁。become强调变化过程的完成，强调状态的变化。
grow表示渐渐成为新的状态，或表示从某种状态向其对立的状态变化的自然现象，强调变化的过程。
(     ) 8. It was __ back home after the experiment.
            (2004 湖北)
            A. not until midnight did he go
            B. until midnight he didn't go
            C. not until midnight that he went
            D. until midnight when he didn't go

    【解析】选A本题考查not until在强调句中的变化，只有A正确。